What Does Diabetes Do?

Diabetes mellitus (pronounced /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiːtiːz/ or /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiːtɨs/; /mɨˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlɨtəs/)?often simply referred to as diabetes?is a condition in which a person has a high blood sugar (glucose) level, either because the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, or because body cells don’t properly respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas which enables body cells to absorb glucose, to turn into energy. If the body cells do not absorb the glucose, the glucose accumulates in the blood (hyperglycemia), leading to vascular, nerve, and other complications.

There are many types of diabetes, the most common of which are:

Type 1 diabetes: results from the body’s failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin.

Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency.

Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.

Other forms of diabetes mellitus include congenital diabetes, which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic diabetes.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

What Does Hypertension Do?

Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure is elevated. It is classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. The term primary hypertension is used when no medical cause can be found and represents about 90-95% of cases.[1] Secondary hypertension is the result of another condition, such as kidney disease or a pheochromocytoma.

Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a leading cause of chronic renal failure.[2] Moderate elevation of arterial blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. Both dietary and lifestyle changes as well as pharmaceuticals can improve blood pressure control and decrease the risk of a poor outcome.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Helpful information on the Internet

As a caregiver, you are not alone. In 1995, there were 33 million Americans over the age of 65. In 2020, there will be almost 70 million, doubling in less than 25 years. Over 23 percent of all US households contain at least one caregiver.

This translates into an estimated 22,411,200 caregiving households nationwide. The average caregiver is 46 years old. Seven in 10 caregivers (73 percent) are female. Only 5.5 percent of the over-65 population resides in nursing homes.

The list we have compiled give you quick access to helpful information on the Internet for caregivers; this is in no way an exhaustive list. All of the Web sites that have been selected are easy to access and use, provide quality information, and provide links to additional resources.

Federal and State Benefits

Department of Veterans Affairs
www.va.gov

This government-agency Web site includes information on veterans’ benefits ranging from health care to home loan guarantee services.

Social Security Online

www.ssa.gov

This government-agency Web site provides information on retirement and disability benefits. Users can also sign up for Social Security through this site. The site also contains reports to Congress, statistics, legislation affecting Social Security, and a number of other documents produced by the Social Security Administration. A Spanish version of the site is also available.

Medicare Part D

BenefitsCheckup
www.benefitscheckup.org

A comprehensive online service to screen for federal, state and some local private and public benefits for older adults (ages 55 and over). It contains over 1,350 different programs from all fifty states (including the District of Columbia). On average there are 50 to 70 programs available to individuals per state.

Family Caregiver Alliance
www.caregiver.org

This website provides information on publicly-funded caregiver support programs in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. You will find information on programs funded through the National Family Caregiver Support Program, Aged/Disabled Medicaid waivers, and state-funded programs that either have a caregiver-specific focus, or include a family caregiving component in their service package.

Medicare Part D Information

As you may know in November 2005 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began enrolling seniors and the disabled in a new program called Medicare Part D designed to provide prescription drug coverage for Medicare Beneficiaries. The initial enrollment period ended in May 2006, but every year there will be an open enrollment period from November to December.

The research shows that family caregivers have played a special role in helping their loved ones choose a Medicare Part D plan. If you are currently looking for information on the Part D benefit, the following Web sites can help.

Great Medicare Informational Web Sites:

Medicare/Medicaid Links

CMS–Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (formerly HCFA)
www.cms.hhs.gov

This government-agency Web site provides information about Medicare and Medicaid programs, access to consumer publications and forms, e-mail access to customer service, and local contacts. On the CMS Web site, there are two publications that deal specifically with caregiving.

They are:

Medicare Basics: A Guide for Caregivers (PDF file – 868 KB at Medicare.gov)
This publication leads the caregiver through the eight key “decision points” that relate to the health or overall well-being of an older person. For each of these “decision points,” basic information about Medicare is provided along with suggestions on how to find more detailed information.

Medicare
www.Medicare.gov

This is the official U.S. government site for information on Medicare. At this site, consumers can search for information on health plans, nursing homes, dialysis facilities, Medigap policies, Medicare activities, participating physicians and prescription drug assistance programs in their area. The site also provides information on Medicare basics such as eligibility, enrollment, Medicare cards and replacement card ordering.

Senior Sites
www.seniorsites.com

This site provides a listing of nonprofit senior housing, assisted living facilities, and retirement communities that are members of the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging. Housing options and levels of care are described, and the directory for over 5,000 communities is searchable by state and county.

Caring For An Aging Parent

by Paul Allen

For the last 4 years, I’ve been experiencing one of those passages of life that we’re generally not prepared for — caring for an aging parent.

My mom came to live with us after she’d fallen and broken her hip. Until a few months ago, the transition was relatively smooth. She went from being a thriving, independent widow, to a person who no longer drives but uses a walker to get around. Other than that, she continued to be quite independent, keeping her dependence on us for transportation, and the usual family interactions.

However, she experienced another fall after Christmas, and from that time has regressed to needing 24-hour care in a nursing home, having littler recognition of the present and a continual interchange of her childhood and present reality.

To say the least it’s difficult. I find myself doing the responsible things — visiting her, taking care of her personal business, and being a strong son, husband, brother and father. But it becomes more difficult to deal with the reality that my mom, the woman who reared me and instilled Christian values in my life, has reverted to being so childlike, so unrecognizable.

Yet, true to his character, God uses every situation to express his unconditional love. No matter what mental or physical state she experiences at the moment, when I say to her the simple words, “Mom, I love you,” she simply replies, “I love you, too.”

That short exchange of words and feelings quickly melts away the anger, frustration, sadness and dismay I’m experiencing over her condition. It reminds me of the number of times she’d say “I love you” to me and others at the end of a conversation. Sometimes I’d get annoyed at her seeming overuse of the statement, but knew it was one thing she could give freely. No, it doesn’t make it any easier, but it does remind me of who my mother is: a person of faith who freely gives and receives love to her family, friends and strangers.

And it reminds me of my ministry as a pastor — sharing God’s unconditional love with others experiencing their own passages in life. How many people do we deal with day to day who need to hear the words from God, “I love you,” either audibly or through an act of kindness? People who are going through passages where they feel all alone. People who frustrate us because they’re not living up to their potential. People who continually return to their old sins and then come back once again for forgiveness and restoration. And people who aren’t dealing too well with the difficult passages of life — relationships, finances, education, spiritual direction, aging, more.

In many cultures, people walk through passages of life with the guidance, love and direction of their family, tribe or community. Perhaps its time for us to season our guidance and direction with a little more unconditional love.

Perhaps the passages they’re going through will prepare them for a brighter future and a place where they can respond to His love. And we can live out 1 Corinthians 13:4-7, “Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It’s not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil, but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.”

©2002 Group Publishing, Inc. Used with permission.
This article appeared in the May/June 2002 issue of
REV., an interdenominational magazine for pastors.

http://www.helping-others.org

Been There, Done That

Excerpted from “Tips from Caregivers Who’ve Been There”, Stroke Connection Magazine November/December 2003

In a 2002 report in the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, researchers interviewed family caregivers to identify their needs and concerns, strategies they used to deal with stroke, and advice they would offer other stroke caregivers. Here are their suggestions.

Organize Healthcare Needs

  • Keep a running list of questions to take with you to doctor’s appointments.

Provide Emotional Support

  • Encourage the stroke survivor to talk about his or her feelings. Listen, show love and patience.
  • Read an article or book together about another stroke survivor. This helps stroke survivors know they are not alone.
  • Join a support group for encouragement and ideas from people who’ve been there. Locate a support group in your area.

Promote Independence

  • Allow the survivor to take care of him or herself as much as possible. Although it may be difficult to watch your survivor struggle to do things alone, this promotes greater independence in the long run.
  • Provide socialization opportunities for yourself and your survivor
  • Go to the mall or grocery store with your survivor so you both can enjoy some physical activity.
  • Consider adult day care for the survivor during the week to give yourself a break and a social opportunity for your survivor.
  • Continue pre-stroke hobbies and activities as much as possible. Call friends regularly to play tennis or golf or to go walking, and schedule friends, family or professional caregivers to take care of your survivor during that time.

Source: “Needs, Concerns, Strategies and Advice of Caregivers the First 6 Months After Discharge,” Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, October 2002.

Organizations You Should Know

AARP
Non-profit organization addressing the needs of people 50 and older.
888-OUR-AARP
www.aarp.org

Administration on Aging
National and regional resources including the Eldercare Locator, a database of local agencies.
202-401-4634
www.aoa.gov

Alzheimer’s Association
End-to-end support for caregivers to Alzheimer’s patients.
800-272-3900
www.alz.org

American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging
Offers a continuum of eldercare services through a membership of 5700 organizations.
202-783-2242
www.aahsa.org

ARCH National Respite Network
Provides information and a national respite locater for caregivers.
919-490-5577
www.archrespite.org

Children of Aging Parents

A non-profit organization dedicated to assisting the 34 million people who are caring for an elderly person. The website provides links to support groups, a newsletter and more.
www.caps4caregivers.org

Faith In Action
Interfaith caregiving program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
877-324-8411
www.fiavolunteers.org

Family Caregiver Alliance

Information, education, research and advocacy for caregivers.
800-445-8106
www.caregiver.org

Hospice Foundation of America
Assistance with coping with terminal care and grief.
800-854-8402
www.hospicefoundation.org

Lotsa Helping Hands
Create a network of volunteers and organize help for caregivers in a community.
508-337-6338
www.lotsahelpinghands.com

Medicarerights.org
Non-profit organization for assistance with Medicare issues.
212-869-3850
www.medicarerights.org

National Adult Day Services Association
Focuses on health, therapeutic and social services for the elderly.
800-558-5301
www.nadsa.org

National Alliance for Caregiving
Nation support for caregivers with emphasis on political action.
301-718-8444
www.caregiving.org

National Association for Senior Move Managers
Dedicated to helping caregivers deal with the emotional and physical issues of moves for the elderly.
877-606-2766
www.nasmm.com

National Council on Aging
Network of 14,000 organizations including senior centers, adult day care, senior housing, employment consumer groups and faith based services. Site includes benefitscheckup.org, a site that guides seniors on eligibility for state and federal programs.
202-479-1200
www.ncoa.org

National Family Caregiver’s Association (NFCA)
Providing education, resources, support and community to family caregivers across the life span.
800-896-3650
www.thefamilycaregiver.org

National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization
National consumer initiative to improve the end of life, supported by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
800-658-8898
www.caringinfo.org

Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving
Works to provide quality long term care and recognition of the issues in caregiving.
229-928-1234
www.rosalynncarter.org

Social Security Online
Official site of U.S. Social Security Administration. Forms, tools and helpline information.
800-772-1213
www.ssa.gov

Well Spouse Association
Provides support for wives, husbands and partners of the chronically ill or disabled.
800-838-0879
www.wellspouse.org